Appropriate Stair-Step Height for Comfort, Satisfaction, and Cardiovascular Response: Implications for Design and Active Living

Abstract

Background: Ensuring appropriate step height in buildings, public spaces, and homes is crucial to public health and safety. This study aimed to determine the most comfortable and physiologically optimal step height among healthy adults. As such, this study aimed to determine the most comfortable step height among healthy adults based on heart rate (H.R.), blood pressure (B.P.), rate pressure products (RPPs), body mass index (BMI), and personal satisfaction.
Methods: Thirty healthy adults climbed 12-step stairs with 14-cm and 18-cm step heights to compare satisfaction and cardiovascular changes.
Results: A step height of 14 cm was the most comfortable and satisfying, with no significant changes in H.R., B.P., and RPP (p < 0.077–0.19). In contrast, the step height of 18 cm significantly increased H.R., B.P., and RPP (p < 0.001) and required much time to climb without satisfying participants. Meanwhile, BMI significantly negatively impacted H.R., B.P., RPP, time to climb stairs, and satisfaction when ascending the stairs with a step height of 18 cm. 14 cm is the most comfortable, satisfying, and recommended step height for healthy adults for homes, public buildings, and attractions. In contrast, an 18-cm step height could be suggested for fitness exercise to increase H.R., B.P., and RPP.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide valuable insights for risk management and healthcare policy professionals to develop guidelines and recommendations for step height in homes, public buildings, and other infrastructure. Implementing appropriate step heights can promote active living, proper stair utilization, and avoid related injuries, ultimately contributing to better population health outcomes.