DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF HAND GRIP STRENGTH AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IT IN A GROUP OF YOUNG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA, SRI LANKA WHO ARE NOT PARTICIPATING IN REGULAR PHYSICAL TRAINING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15621/ijphy/2019/v6i3/183876Keywords:
Hand Grip Strength, Undergraduate students, Physical activity, BMI, Gender, Hand dominanceAbstract
Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) not only reflects the strength of the upper limb muscles; it also reflects the overall strength of the skeletal muscles and physical fitness. Further, it is being used as an indicator of nutritional status too. Undergraduate students have been described as having low physical fitness due to their sedentary lifestyle in many studies. Therefore, this study describes the HGS and its association with gender, hand dominance, Body Mass Index (BMI), hand and forearm anthropometries in a group of young undergraduate students of the University who do not participate in regular physical training.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, and was conducted among healthy first-year residential undergraduate student population (n= 524, 350 females, 174 males, mean age= 21.31 ± 0.93). Main outcome measures were HGS, gender, hand dominance, BMI, hand length, hand span, handbreadth, forearm length, forearm girth, and wrist circumference.
Results: HGS of the dominant hand of male students was 35.27 ± 5.91 kg, which is significantly higher (p< 0.05) than that of the females (19.52 ± 4.34 kg). However, it has a significant but weakly positive correlation with other variables measured except for forearm length.
Conclusion: This study has provided an insight into the association of low HGS with physical inactivity in an academically oriented group where the BMI is within the normal range and the association of higher HGS with hand dominance and male gender.
References
Walankar P, Verma C, Mehta A. Study of Hand Grip Strength in Indian Population. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6: 162–66.
Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, Bohannon RW, Hill CL. Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes. 2011; 4 (127): 1-5.
Kubota H & Demura S. Gender differences and laterality in maximal handgrip strength and controlled force exertion in young adults. Health. 2011; 3 (11): 684–88.
Koley S & Singh AP. Effect of hand dominance in grip strength in collegiate population of Amritsar, Punjab, India. The Anthropologist. 2010; 12 (1): 13–16.
Kärkkäinen M, Rikkonen T, Kröger H, Sirola J, Tuppurainen M, Salovaara K et al. Physical tests for patient selection for bone mineral density measurements in postmenopausal women. Bone. [Online] 2009; 44 (4): 660–65.
Wind AE, Takken T, Helders PJ, Engelbert RH. Is grip strength a predictor for total muscle strength in healthy children, adolescents and young adults. Eur J Pediatr. 2010; 169 (3): 281-87.
Trosclair D, Bellar D, Judge LW, Smith J, Mazerat N, Brignac A. Hand-grip strength as a predictor of muscular strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res. 2011: 25 (S99).
Wagh PD, Birajdar G, Nagavekar M. Comparison of hand grip muscle strength in sportsmen and sedentary group. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2017; 16 (7): 62-5.
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Orlandini A et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet. [Online]. 2015; 386 (9990): 266–73.
Leyk D, Gorges W, Ridder D, Wunderlich M, Rüther T, Sievert A et al. Hand-grip strength of young men , women and highly trained female athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007; 99: 415–21.
Luna-Heredia E, Martin-Pena G, Ruiz-Galiana J. Handgrip dynamometry in healthy adults. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24: 250–58.
Peters MJ, van Nes SI, Vanhoutte EK, Bakkers M, van Doorn PA, Merkies IS et al.. Revised normative values for grip strength with the Jamar dynamometer. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2011; 16 (1): 47–50.
Koley S & Singh AP. An Association of Dominant Hand Grip Strength with Some Anthropometric Variables in Indian Collegiate. Anthrop. Anz. 2009; 67 (1) 21-8.
Oseloka IA, Bello BM, Oliver HW, Emmanuel UU, Abraham MS. Association Of Handgrip Strength With Body Mass Index Among Nigerian Students. IOSR J Pharm and Biol Sci. [Online]. 2014; 9 (1) ,01–07.
Incel NA, Ceceli E, Durukan PB, Erdem HR, Yorgancioglu ZR. Grip Strength: Effect of Hand Dominance. Singapore Med J. 2002; 43 (5): 234–37.
Armstrong CA & Oldham JA. Comparison of Dominant and Non-Dominant Hand Strengths. J Hand Surg Br. [Online]. 1999; 24 (4): 421–25.
Özcan A, Tulum Z, Pinar L, Baskurt F. Comparison of Pressure Pain Threshold, Grip Strength, Dexterity and Touch Pressure of Dominant and Non-Dominant Hands within and Between Right- and Left-Handed Subjects. J Korean Med Sci. 2004; 19 (6): 874-78.
Nicolay CW & Walker AL. Grip strength and endurance : Influences of anthropometric variation, hand dominance, and gender. Int J Ind Ergon. 2005; 35 (7): 605–18.
Shah UN, Sirajudeen MS, Somasekaran PK, Mohasin N, Shantaram M. The Association between Hand Grip Strength and Hand Dimensions in Healthy Indian Females. Int J Curr Res Rev. 2012; 4(2): 36-42.
Sirajudeen MS, Shah UN, Pillai PS, Mohasin N, Shantaram M. Correlation between Grip Strength and Physical Factors in Men. Int J Health and Rehabil Sci. 2012; 1(2): 58–63.
Alahmari KA, Silvian SP, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Ahmad I, Alam MM. Hand grip strength determination for healthy males in Saudi Arabia : A study of the relationship with age , body mass index , hand length and forearm circumference using a hand-held dynamometer. J Int Med Res. 2017; 45(2): 540–48.
Mohan V, Shamsaimon NS, Japri MB, Yasin NE, Henry LJ, Othman IR. Fore Arm Circumference and Hand Length Predicts Maximal Hand Grip Strength among Malaysian Population.Middle East J Sci Res. 2014; 21(4), 634–39.
Ibegbu AO, Baita MB, Hamman WO, Emmanuel UU, Musa SA. Evaluation of the Relationship between Handgrip Strength with Some Anthropometries among Nigerian Secondary School Students. Anthropologist. 2014; 17(3): 921–27 .
Andrade Fernandes AD, Natali AJ, Vieira BC, Valle MAAND, Gomes Moreira D, Massy-Westropp N et al. The relationship between hand grip strength and anthropometric parameters in men. Arch Med Deporte. 2014; 31(3): 160-64.
Woo J, Arai H, Ng TP, Sayer AA, Wong M, Syddall H et al. Ethnic and geographic variations in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance measures. Eur Geriatr Med. 2014; 5(3), 155-64.
Survey system (2017) Sample Size Calculator - Confidence Level, Confidence Interval, Sample Size, Population Size, Relevant Population - Creative Research Systems. [Online] Available from: http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm. [Accessed: 11 March 2017].
Trossman PB & Li PW. The effect of the duration of intertrial rest periods on isometric grip strength performance in young adults. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research. 1989; 9(6): 362-78.
Jasper I, Haussler A, Baur B, Marquardt C, Hermsdorfer J. Circadian variations in the kinematics of handwriting and grip strength. Chronobiol Int. 2009; 26(3): 576-94.
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007. Anthropometry procedures manual. National Health and nutrition examinatory survey (NHANES). [Online]. (January):102. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_07_08/manual_an.pdf
WHO/Europe| Nutrition, 2017. Body Mass Index. [Online] http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi [Accessed: 10 July 2017].
Mohanty BB, Agrawal D, Baisakh P, Samantsinghar P, Kumar S, Chinara PK. A study of different parameters of human extremities and its relationship with human height in residents of eastern India. Tanta Med J. [Online]. 2015; 43(1), 1-8.
Pereira HM, Menacho MDO, Takahashi RH, Cardoso JR. Hand grip strength evaluation on Tennis players using different recommendations. Rev Bras Med Esporte; 2011; 17(3): 184-88.
Maynard & Triyanti V. Evaluation Of The Correlation Between Hand Anthropometry And Grip Strength in Sedentary Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Advances in Computer Science and Technology. 2016; 5(3): 38- 46.
Mullerpatan RP, Karnik G, John R. Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for healthy Indian adults. Hand Ther. 2013; 18 (1): 11-16.
Kim M, Won CW, Kim M. Muscular grip strength normative values for a Korean population from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2015. PLoS One. 2018; 13(8): 1-16.
Steiber N. Strong or weak hand grip? Normative reference values for the German population across the life course stratified by sex, age and body height. PLoS One. 2016; 11(10): 1-14.
Leal VO, Mafra D, Fouque D, Anjos LA. Use of handgrip strength in the assessment of the muscle function of chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis : a systematic review. Nephrol dial transplant. 2010; 26: 1354–360.
Flood A, Chung A, Parker H, Kearns V, O’Sullivan TA. The use of hand grip strength as a predictor of nutrition status in hospital patients. Clinical Nutrition. [Online]. 2014; 33(1): 106–14. Available from:
Falsarella GR, Gasparotto LPR, Barcelos CC, Coimbra IB, Moretto MC, Pascoa MA et al. Body composition as a frailty marker for the elderly community. Dove Press. 2015;10: 1661-667.
Tom SE, Adachi JD, Anderson Jr FA, Boonen S, Chapurlat RD, Compston JE et al. Frailty and Fracture, Disability and Falls: A multiple country study from the global longitudinal study of Osteoporosis in women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013; 61(3): 327-34.
Published
Abstract Display: 3226 
PDF Downloads: 1362 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a