VARIATION IN GASTROCNEMIUS AND HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING PEAK KNEE FLEXOR FORCE AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH HAMSTRING GRAFT: A PRELIMINARY CONTROLLED STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15621/ijphy/2020/v7i6/846Keywords:
Anterior cruciate ligament, Electromyography, Isokinetic, Gastrocnemius, Hamstring, muscular activity.Abstract
Background: The optimization of this return to athletic activity passes by a better understanding of the muscle's behavior involved in knee function. In this study, we focused on the muscle's muscular activity involved in the flexion of the knee. Precisely on the relation between the gastrocnemius's muscular activity and the hamstring among the patient that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a hamstring graft.
The study's objective is to compare the muscular activity of the flexor knee muscle in patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft and the individuals who have not undergone surgery.
Methods: The participants have been divided into two groups: a healthy group and an experimental group that underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a hamstring graft. The participants had to perform a strength test on an isokinetic dynamometer. The medial gastrocnemius activity, lateral gastrocnemius, femoral biceps, and the semitendinosus were measured during this test.
The first group individuals mentioned the muscle's muscular activity compared to those in the second group via statistical analysis. Then, a ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle activity on the activity of the hamstring has calculated. The results of the experimental group were then compared to the results of the control group.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in activity of the medial gastrocnemius (p = 0,004901), the biceps femoris (p = 5,394.10-6), and the semitendinosus muscles (p = 1,822.10-6 ): the experimental group results were superior to the control group results. However, the evaluation of the activity reporting has shown significant differences in the two groups.
Conclusion: This study has shown a difference in the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle activity between patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery and healthy participants. However, our approach has not allowed us to identify the relationship between a heightened gastrocnemius activity and a diminished hamstring activity following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a hamstring graft. Quite on the contrary, we observed higher activity of the two muscle groups.
Nevertheless, it seems necessary to have a variation in situations during the gastrocnemius muscle analysis to fully understand its purpose in the functional activity of the knee of patients who have undergone an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
References
Kaeding CC, Léger-St-Jean B, Magnussen RA. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Clin Sports Med. Jan 2017; 36 (1): 1 - 8.
Crawford SN, Waterman MBR, Lubowitz JH. Long-Term Failure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2013 Sep 1; 29 (9): 1566 - 71.
Ardern CL, Glasgow P, Schneiders A, Witvrouw E, Clarsen B, Cools A, et al. 2016 Consensus statement on return to sport from the First World Congress in Sports Physical Therapy, Bern. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Jul ; 50 (14): 853 - 64.
Tagesson S, Oberg B, Kvist J. Tibial translation and muscle activation during rehabilitation exercises 5 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Feb ; 20 (1): 154 - 64.
Alkjær T, Smale KB, Flaxman TE, Marker IF, Simonsen EB, Benoit DanielL , et al. Forward lunge before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Faster movement but unchanged knee joint biomechanics. Williams JL, editor. PLOS ONE. Jan 24, 2020; 15 (1): e0228071.
Crawford SN, Waterman MBR, Lubowitz JH. Long-Term Failure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2013 Sep 1; 29 (9): 1566 - 71.
Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA. Return to the Preinjury Level of Competitive Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: Two-thirds of Patients Have Not Returned by 12 Months After Surgery. Am J Sports Med. 2011 Mar; 39 (3): 538 - 43.
Madhavan S, Shields RK. Neuromuscular responses in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament repair. Clin Neurophysiol Off J Int Fed Clin Neurophysiol . 2011 May ; 122 (5): 997 - 1004.
Morgan KD, Donnelly CJ, Reinbolt JA. Elevated gastrocnemius forces compensate for decreased hamstrings forces during the weight-acceptance phase of single-leg jump landing: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. J Biomech . 2014 Oct; 47 (13): 3295 - 302.
Damavandi M, Mahendrarajah L, Dixon PC, DeMont R. Knee joint kinematics and neuromuscular responses in female athletes during and after multi-directional disturbances. Hum Mov Sci. Apr 2020; 70: 102596 .
Adouni M, Shirazi- Adl A, Marouane H. Role of gastrocnemius activation in knee joint biomechanics: gastrocnemius acts as an ACL antagonist. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin . 2016; 19 (4): 376 - 85.
Jones CM, Griffiths PC, Mellalieu SD. Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and Illness: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Sports Med. May 2017; 47 (5): 943 - 74.
Ball N, Scurr JC. Efficacy of current and novel electromyographic normalization methods for lower limb high-speed muscle actions. Eur J Sport Sci. 2011 Nov ; 11 (6): 447 - 56.
Published
Abstract Display: 717 
PDF Downloads: 604 How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a